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I'm currently ~60% on diffusion of bullroarers. This confidence is already being pulled down by the possibility that modern experts have relevant insights I still lack, but pulled up (a bit less) by the cultural biases that mean if modern experts were going to be wrong about something this is a good candidate. If tomorrow I learn this question is becoming topical in academia again this confidence level could shoot up fast.

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Apr 16Liked by Andrew Cutler

No it's true, I was there

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Apr 23Liked by Andrew Cutler

Interesting and well written as per. Some minor nit-picking over this sentence: "Luwian is the proto-Indo-European language spoken by the Hittites that went extinct circa 600 BC."

Luwian is an *early* Indo-European language (not proto, Proto-IE specifically refers to the specific common ancestor language spoken ~3000 BC i.e. the Yamnaya language). However, there is debate over whether the Anatolian branch split off from the other Indo-European languages from a "pre-Indo-European" or from the proto-IE main branch. Some people use "Indo-Anatolian" instead if they think Anatolian broke off in that earlier phase. And finally, it was spoken by the Luwians, who were para-Hittites (and subjects of them, although later the relationship reversed). The Hittites spoke Hittite, another Anatolian language that is a related but definitely distinct branch.

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also the image on the churinga stone, generally, we learned in school what little we did on Aboriginal imagery here in Australia, so my accuracy is low... that would show two people sitting across from each other at a fire with a spear or digging sticks laid flat at their knees ---as viewed from above, a common POV in Aboriginal Art, (which is why it looks so abstract to western eyes) .

so this image basically means 'god'??? (a concept which I would argue is an invention of the dynamic between settled city folk and nomad interlopers)

so "god" on that reading of people seated at a campfire/ritual fire/smoking ceremony... is actually a meeting or a meal, which is how the world is made... this "supports" me own arguments of course, and is not shamanic at all (shamanism is a eurasia-america thang -- some glacial interconnection) (the steppe is the prairie) (and coming to it civilised height in mesoamerica)

me own argument at https://www.academia.edu/40978261/Why_we_should_an_introduction_by_memoir_into_the_implications_of_the_Egalitarian_Revolution_of_the_Paleolithic_or_Anyone_for_cake

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the basic failure is to not realize 'shamanism' as a thing post-dates the settlement of Sahul, its as bad as calling hunter-gathers nomads

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